• very high strength
• extreme hardness
• extreme resistance to wear
• moderate ductility – a measure of a material’s ability to tolerate being deformed without actually breaking

• Low-carbon steel – Low carbon steels are often used in automobile body components, structural shapes (I-beams, channel and angle iron), pipes, construction and bridge components, and food cans.
• Medium-carbon steel – As a result of their high strength, resistance to wear and toughness, medium-carbon steels are often used for railway tracks, train wheels, crankshafts, and gears and machinery parts requiring this combination of properties.
• High-carbon steel – Due to their high wear-resistance and hardness, high-carbon steels are used in cutting tools, springs high strength wire and dies.

• outstanding corrosion resistance
• high-temperature strength
• exceptional stress resistance

Hastelloy steel is suited to many industrial applications such as:

• Heat Exchangers.
• Columns
• Condensors
• Reactors
• Pressure Vessels.
• Piping Systems.
• Spargers

• high corrosion resistance
• oxidation resistance
• strength at high temperatures
• creep resistance
• high tensile strength

• Aerospace and jet engines.
• Oil and gas extraction.
• Pollution control and waste processing.
• Automotive Industry
• Marine industry – saltwater applications
• Heat treatment applications
• Rapid temperature change applications – where temperatures may vary between near-cryogenic lows and heat treatment highs.

• resistant to corrosion and acids
• Extreme temperature strength

• marine engineering
• chemical and hydrocarbon processing equipment
• valves
• pumps
• shafts
• fittings
• fasteners
• heat exchangers.

• Corrosion-resistant.
• High tensile strength.
• Very durable.
• Temperature resistant.
• Easy formability and fabrication.
• Low-maintenance (long-lasting)
• Recyclable

The wide variety of stainless steels means that the metal can be used in literally thousands of applications. The following gives a flavour of the full range:

• Domestic – cutlery, lights, watches, washing machine drums, razor blades
• Architectural/Civil Engineering – cladding, handrails, door and window fittings, structural sections, reinforcement bar, lintels, masonry supports
• Transport – exhaust systems, car grilles, road tankers, ship containers, ships chemical tankers, refuse vehicles
• Chemical/Pharmaceutical – pressure vessels, process piping
• Oil and Gas– platform accommodation, cable trays, subsea pipelines
• Medical – Surgical instruments, surgical implants, MRI scanners
• Food and Drink– Catering equipment, brewing, distilling, food processing
• Water – Water and sewage treatment, water tubing, hot water tanks
• General – springs, fasteners (bolts, nuts and washers), wire

• High Tensile Strength
• Tough / Durable
• Corrosion-resistant
• High-Temperature Applications
• Non-Magnetic
• Easy to weld
• Durable welds
• Easy formability and fabrication.

Due to its immense versatility, 304 can be used across a wide variety of industrial applications

• Appliances such as refrigerators and dishwashers.
• Commercial Brewery, dairy, food and pharmaceutical production equipment
• Springs, nuts, bolts and screws
• Pressure Vessels
• Piping
• Heat exchangers.
• Structures in environments that would corrode standard carbon steel.

• Lower Carbon Content the 304 SS
• Slightly lower Tensile strength than 304
• Slightly lower Yield strength than 304
• Weld joints less susceptible to corrosion than 304
• Inherently tough
• Corrosion-resistant
• High-Temperature Applications
• Non-Magnetic
• Easy to weld
• Durable welds
• Easy formability and fabrication.

Due to its immense versatility, 304L can be used across a wide variety of industrial applications, especially in high-corrosion environments.

• Aerospace and automotive structures
• Architectural paneling, molding, trim and other details
• Braces
• Chemical containers to be used for transport
• Cooking tools (such as pots and pans)
• Construction material for buildings
• Dyeing
• Food processing equipment (such as wine, beer brewing, and milk)
• Heat exchangers
• Kitchen equipment (such as sinks or appliances)
• Marine environment equipment (such as nuts, screws or bolts)
• Railing and trim
• Springs
• Threaded fasteners
• Welded or woven water filtration screens

• Higher Corrosion resistance the 304 SS
• Increased resistance the pitting and crevice corrosion
• Inherently tough
• High-Temperature Applications
• Non-Magnetic
• Easy to weld
• Durable welds
• Easy formability and fabrication.

The most familiar uses of type 316 stainless steel are:

• construction of exhaust manifolds
• furnace parts
• heat exchangers
• jet engine parts
• evaporators
• chemical processing equipment
• pharmaceutical and photographic equipment
• valve and pump parts
• tanks
• pulp, paper, and textile processing equipment
• Equipment with parts that are exposed to marine environments.

• Corrosion-resistant.
• Suited to High-Temperature Applications
• higher creep, stress-to-rupture and tensile strength at elevated temperatures.
• excellent strength and toughness at cryogenic temperatures

• Chemical and Petrochemical Processing — pressure vessels, tanks, heat exchangers, piping systems, flanges, fittings, valves and pumps
• Food and Beverage Processing
• Marine
• Medical
• Petroleum Refining
• Pharmaceutical Processing
• Power Generation — nuclear
• Pulp and Paper
• Textiles
• Water Treatment

• Corrosion-resistant.
• Suited to High-Temperature Applications
• greater tensile and yield strength.
• excellent toughness, even down to cryogenic temperatures.
• Greater short and long term creep strength

• Chemical and Petrochemical Processing – pressure vessels, tanks, heat exchangers, boilers, piping systems, flanges, fittings, valves, and pumps
• Food and Beverage Processing
• Marine
• Medical
• Petroleum Refining
• Pharmaceutical Processing
• Power Generation — nuclear
• Pulp and Paper
• Textiles
• Water Treatment

• Excellent corrosion resistance
• Increased resistance to chloride attack
• Good resistance to stress corrosion cracking
• Tensile and yield strength higher than austenitic or ferritic grades
• Good weldability
• Good formability

The extensive benefits of Duplex Stainless Steel mean that it can be used in many different are used in:

• Chemical processing, transport and storage
• Pipes for production and transportation of oil and gas
• Oil and gas exploration and offshore rigs
• Oil and gas refining
• Marine environments
• Pollution control equipment
• Pulp & paper manufacturing
• Chemical process plant
• Structural and mechanical components
• Heat exchangers
• Cooling pipes

• High strength
• High corrosion resistance.
• High resistance to stress corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue and erosion
• High thermal conductivity
• Low coefficient of thermal expansion
• Good weldability
• Good formability

Super duplex is particularly suited for the following applications:

• Heat exchangers, tubes and pipes for processing gas and oil
• Pipes in processes containing chlorides
• Cargo tanks – piping for chemical tankers
• Shafts, rotors and hydraulic lines

The high strength and low corrosion of super duplex means it is widely used in the following industries

• Petrochemical
• Water desalinisation
• Chemical processing
• Marine and shipping
• Oil and Gas production

• Lightweight
• Strong
• Resistant to corrosion
• Durable
• Ductile
• Malleable
• Conductive
• Odorless
• Easily Recyclable

The most common uses of aluminum include:

• Transportation
• Construction
• Electrical
• Consumer Goods

• High Hardness
• High Toughness
• Ductile
• Elasticity
• Malleability
• Tensile strength
• Fatigue strength

Some of the best uses for the durable, flexible, and cost-effective ductile are included:

• Valves (especially high-pressure valves)
• Pipe and pipe fittings – Water and sewer lines
• Connecting rods (like in engines)
• Crankshafts
• Cylinders
• Hydrostatic Barrels
• Military uses
• Automotive components
• Gearboxes, Yokes for power transmission
• Pump housings
• Large Machines, Machine Tooling
• Wheels and Axles
• Agricultural tractors
• Oil well pumps