TYPE: CARBON STEEL |
Grade |
Material Properties |
Common Applications |
Carbon Steel |
- very high strength
- extreme hardness
- extreme resistance to wear
- moderate ductility – a measure of a material’s ability to tolerate being deformed without actually breaking
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- Low-carbon steel – Low carbon steels are often used in automobile body components, structural shapes (I-beams, channel and angle iron), pipes, construction and bridge components, and food cans.
- Medium-carbon steel – As a result of their high strength, resistance to wear and toughness, medium-carbon steels are often used for railway tracks, train wheels, crankshafts, and gears and machinery parts requiring this combination of properties.
- High-carbon steel – Due to their high wear-resistance and hardness, high-carbon steels are used in cutting tools, springs high strength wire and dies.
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TYPE: ALLOY STEEL – HASTELLOY STEEL |
Grade |
Material Properties |
Common Applications |
Hastelloy Steel |
- outstanding corrosion resistance
- high-temperature strength
- exceptional stress resistance
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Hastelloy steel is suited to many industrial applications such as:
- Heat Exchangers.
- Columns
- Condensors
- Reactors
- Pressure Vessels.
- Piping Systems.
- Spargers
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TYPE: ALLOY STEEL – ICONEL STEEL |
Grade |
Material Properties |
Common Applications |
Iconel steel |
- high corrosion resistance
- oxidation resistance
- strength at high temperatures
- creep resistance
- high tensile strength
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- Aerospace and jet engines.
- Oil and gas extraction.
- Pollution control and waste processing.
- Automotive Industry
- Marine industry – saltwater applications
- Heat treatment applications
- Rapid temperature change applications – where temperatures may vary between near-cryogenic lows and heat treatment highs.
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TYPE: ALLOY STEEL – MONEL STEEL |
Grade |
Material Properties |
Common Applications |
Monel Steel |
- resistant to corrosion and acids
- Extreme temperature strength
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- marine engineering
- chemical and hydrocarbon processing equipment
- valves
- pumps
- shafts
- fittings
- fasteners
- heat exchangers.
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TYPE: STAINLESS STEEL |
Grade |
Material Properties |
Common Applications |
Stainless steel |
- Corrosion-resistant.
- High tensile strength.
- Very durable.
- Temperature resistant.
- Easy formability and fabrication.
- Low-maintenance (long-lasting)
- Recyclable
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The wide variety of stainless steels means that the metal can be used in literally thousands of applications. The following gives a flavour of the full range:
- Domestic – cutlery, lights, watches, washing machine drums, razor blades
- Architectural/Civil Engineering – cladding, handrails, door and window fittings, structural sections, reinforcement bar, lintels, masonry supports
- Transport – exhaust systems, car grilles, road tankers, ship containers, ships chemical tankers, refuse vehicles
- Chemical/Pharmaceutical – pressure vessels, process piping
- Oil and Gas– platform accommodation, cable trays, subsea pipelines
- Medical – Surgical instruments, surgical implants, MRI scanners
- Food and Drink– Catering equipment, brewing, distilling, food processing
- Water – Water and sewage treatment, water tubing, hot water tanks
- General – springs, fasteners (bolts, nuts and washers), wire
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TYPE:304 STAINLESS STEEL |
Grade |
Material Properties |
Common Applications |
304 Stainless Steel |
- High Tensile Strength
- Tough / Durable
- Corrosion-resistant
- High-Temperature Applications
- Non-Magnetic
- Easy to weld
- Durable welds
- Easy formability and fabrication.
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Due to its immense versatility, 304 can be used across a wide variety of industrial applications
- Appliances such as refrigerators and dishwashers.
- Commercial Brewery, dairy, food and pharmaceutical production equipment
- Springs, nuts, bolts and screws
- Pressure Vessels
- Piping
- Heat exchangers.
- Structures in environments that would corrode standard carbon steel.
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TYPE:304L STAINLESS STEEL |
Grade |
Material Properties |
Common Applications |
304L Stainless Steel |
- Lower Carbon Content the 304 SS
- Slightly lower Tensile strength than 304
- Slightly lower Yield strength than 304
- Weld joints less susceptible to corrosion than 304
- Inherently tough
- Corrosion-resistant
- High-Temperature Applications
- Non-Magnetic
- Easy to weld
- Durable welds
- Easy formability and fabrication.
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Due to its immense versatility, 304L can be used across a wide variety of industrial applications, especially in high-corrosion environments.
- Aerospace and automotive structures
- Architectural paneling, molding, trim and other details
- Braces
- Chemical containers to be used for transport
- Cooking tools (such as pots and pans)
- Construction material for buildings
- Dyeing
- Food processing equipment (such as wine, beer brewing, and milk)
- Heat exchangers
- Kitchen equipment (such as sinks or appliances)
- Marine environment equipment (such as nuts, screws or bolts)
- Railing and trim
- Springs
- Threaded fasteners
- Welded or woven water filtration screens
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TYPE:316 STAINLESS STEEL |
Grade |
Material Properties |
Common Applications |
316 Stainless Steel |
- Higher Corrosion resistance the 304 SS
- Increased resistance the pitting and crevice corrosion
- Inherently tough
- High-Temperature Applications
- Non-Magnetic
- Easy to weld
- Durable welds
- Easy formability and fabrication.
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The most familiar uses of type 316 stainless steel are:
- construction of exhaust manifolds
- furnace parts
- heat exchangers
- jet engine parts
- evaporators
- chemical processing equipment
- pharmaceutical and photographic equipment
- valve and pump parts
- tanks
- pulp, paper, and textile processing equipment
- Equipment with parts that are exposed to marine environments.
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TYPE:316L STAINLESS STEEL |
Grade |
Material Properties |
Common Applications |
316L Stainless Steel |
- Corrosion-resistant.
- Suited to High-Temperature Applications
- higher creep, stress-to-rupture and tensile strength at elevated temperatures.
- excellent strength and toughness at cryogenic temperatures
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- Chemical and Petrochemical Processing — pressure vessels, tanks, heat exchangers, piping systems, flanges, fittings, valves and pumps
- Food and Beverage Processing
- Marine
- Medical
- Petroleum Refining
- Pharmaceutical Processing
- Power Generation — nuclear
- Pulp and Paper
- Textiles
- Water Treatment
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TYPE:316H STAINLESS STEEL |
Grade |
Material Properties |
Common Applications |
316H Stainless Steel |
- Corrosion-resistant.
- Suited to High-Temperature Applications
- greater tensile and yield strength.
- excellent toughness, even down to cryogenic temperatures.
- Greater short and long term creep strength
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- Chemical and Petrochemical Processing – pressure vessels, tanks, heat exchangers, boilers, piping systems, flanges, fittings, valves, and pumps
- Food and Beverage Processing
- Marine
- Medical
- Petroleum Refining
- Pharmaceutical Processing
- Power Generation — nuclear
- Pulp and Paper
- Textiles
- Water Treatment
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TYPE: DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL |
Grade |
Material Properties |
Common Applications |
Duplex Stainless Steel |
- Excellent corrosion resistance
- Increased resistance to chloride attack
- Good resistance to stress corrosion cracking
- Tensile and yield strength higher than austenitic or ferritic grades
- Good weldability
- Good formability
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The extensive benefits of Duplex Stainless Steel mean that it can be used in many different are used in:
- Chemical processing, transport and storage
- Pipes for production and transportation of oil and gas
- Oil and gas exploration and offshore rigs
- Oil and gas refining
- Marine environments
- Pollution control equipment
- Pulp & paper manufacturing
- Chemical process plant
- Structural and mechanical components
- Heat exchangers
- Cooling pipes
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TYPE:SUPER DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL |
Grade |
Material Properties |
Common Applications |
Super Duplex Stainless Steel |
- High strength
- High corrosion resistance.
- High resistance to stress corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue and erosion
- High thermal conductivity
- Low coefficient of thermal expansion
- Good weldability
- Good formability
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Super duplex is particularly suited for the following applications:
- Heat exchangers, tubes and pipes for processing gas and oil
- Pipes in processes containing chlorides
- Cargo tanks – piping for chemical tankers
- Shafts, rotors and hydraulic lines
The high strength and low corrosion of super duplex means it is widely used in the following industries
- Petrochemical
- Water desalinisation
- Chemical processing
- Marine and shipping
- Oil and Gas production
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OTHER MATERIALS: ALUMINIUM |
Grade |
Material Properties |
Common Applications |
Aluminum |
- Lightweight
- Strong
- Resistant to corrosion
- Durable
- Ductile
- Malleable
- Conductive
- Odorless
- Easily Recyclable
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The most common uses of aluminum include:
- Transportation
- Construction
- Electrical
- Consumer Goods
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OTHER MATERIALS: DUCTILE IRON |
Grade |
Material Properties |
Common Applications |
Ductile Iron |
- High Hardness
- High Toughness
- Ductile
- Elasticity
- Malleability
- Tensile strength
- Fatigue strength
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Some of the best uses for the durable, flexible, and cost-effective ductile are included:
- Valves (especially high-pressure valves)
- Pipe and pipe fittings – Water and sewer lines
- Connecting rods (like in engines)
- Crankshafts
- Cylinders
- Hydrostatic Barrels
- Military uses
- Automotive components
- Gearboxes, Yokes for power transmission
- Pump housings
- Large Machines, Machine Tooling
- Wheels and Axles
- Agricultural tractors
- Oil well pumps
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